Passive mobs, such as cows, pigs, and chickens, can be hunted for food and crafting materials.
Players encounter various non-player characters known as mobs, such as animals, villagers, and hostile creatures.
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New players have a randomly selected default character skin of either Steve or Alex, but the option to create custom skins was made available in 2010. Once selected, the difficulty can be changed, but the game mode is locked and can only be changed with cheats. For example, the peaceful difficulty prevents hostile mobs from spawning, and the hard difficulty allows players to starve to death if their hunger bar is depleted. Increasing the difficulty of the game causes the player to take more damage from mobs, as well as having other difficulty-specific effects. When starting a new world, players must choose one of five game modes, as well as one of four difficulties, ranging from peaceful to hard. The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle, and one full cycle lasts 20 real-time minutes.
The world is divided into biomes ranging from deserts to jungles to snowfields the terrain includes plains, mountains, forests, caves, and various lava/water bodies. Due to technical problems when extremely distant locations are reached, however, there is a barrier preventing players from traversing to locations beyond 30,000,000 blocks from the center.h The game achieves this by splitting the world data into smaller sections called "chunks" that are only created or loaded when players are nearby. There are limits on vertical movement, but Minecraft allows an infinitely large game world to be generated on the horizontal plane. The game world is virtually infinite and procedurally generated as players explore it, using a map seed that is obtained from the system clock at the time of world creation (or manually specified by the player). The game also contains a material known as redstone, which can be used to make primitive mechanical devices, electrical circuits, and logic gates, allowing for the construction of many complex systems. Many commentators have described the game's physics system as unrealistic liquids continuously flow for a limited horizontal distance from source blocks, which can be removed by placing a solid block in its place or by scooping it into a bucket. Players can "mine" blocks and then place them elsewhere, enabling them to build things. These blocks are arranged in a 3D grid, while players can move freely around the world. The core gameplay revolves around picking up and placing these objects. The game world is composed of rough 3D objects-mainly cubes and fluids, and commonly called "blocks"-representing various materials, such as dirt, stone, ores, tree trunks, water, and lava. Gameplay is in the first-person perspective by default, but players have the option for third-person perspective. However, there is an achievement system, known as "advancements" in the Java Edition of the game.
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Minecraft is a 3D sandbox game that has no specific goals to accomplish, allowing players a large amount of freedom in choosing how to play the game. A number of spin-off games have also been produced, such as Minecraft: Story Mode, Minecraft Dungeons, and Minecraft Earth. In 2014, Mojang and the Minecraft intellectual property were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion.
It has also been used in educational environments, especially in the realm of computing systems, as virtual computers and hardware devices have been built in it. Social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual MineCon conventions played large roles in popularizing the game. Minecraft has been critically acclaimed, winning several awards and being cited of the most influential and greatest video games of all time. Players can modify the game to create new gameplay mechanics, items, and assets. These modes include a survival mode, in which players must acquire resources to build the world and maintain health, and a creative mode, where players have unlimited resources. In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, procedurally-generated 3D world, and may discover and extract raw materials, craft tools, build structures or earthworks, and depending on game mode, can fight computer-controlled "mobs", as well as either cooperate with or compete against other players in the same world. It has since been ported to various platforms and is the bestselling video game of all time, with over 180 million copies sold across all platforms and over 112 million monthly active players by 2019. Minecraft was created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language and was released as a public alpha for personal computers in 2009 before officially releasing in November 2011, with Jens Bergensten taking over development around then. Minecraft is a sandbox video game developed by Mojang.
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